Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 12 de 12
Filter
1.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(4): e221, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1351701

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: A patologia é uma disciplina básica que exerce o link entre ciclos básicos e clínico-cirúrgicos. A partir do início de 2020, com a pandemia provocada pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave do coronavírus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Sars-CoV-2) e a implantação do ensino remoto emergencial (ERE), o curso de patologia em nossa instituição sofreu alterações e adaptações. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos relatar as atividades desenvolvidas em nossa faculdade para o ensino da patologia geral, dentro do contexto do ERE, e discutir como parte dessas estratégias poderá ser incorporada após o término da pandemia. Relato de experiência: Para o ensino das alterações macroscópicas, utilizamos discussões com peças cirúrgicas filmadas, enquanto as alterações microscópicas foram desenvolvidas no chamado "Projeto Atlas". Discussão: Nosso projeto foi bem dinâmico com grande aceitação por parte dos alunos que tiveram atitudes mais proativas, principalmente em relação ao estudo dos casos de microscopia. As estratégias também se prestaram muito bem como forma de avaliação formativa. Conclusão: Muitas das estratégias que têm sido desenvolvidas por diferentes grupos de professores neste momento da pandemia trouxeram alternativas muito interessantes que devem ser incorporadas ao curso mesmo quando ele voltar a ser presencial. Peças filmadas contemplaram o estudo da macroscopia durante esse período de restrições e podem ser incorporadas à rotina presencial, intercalando com as técnicas utilizadas anteriormente. Já o "Projeto Atlas" foi uma experiência positiva, ressaltando o papel do aluno como protagonista do seu processo de ensino/aprendizagem e o trabalho em pequenos grupos como pontos principais.


Abstract: Introduction: Pathology is a basic discipline that acts as a link between basic and clinical-surgical cycles. Since the beginning of 2020, with the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SarsCoV-2) and the implementation of emergency remote education (ERE), the pathology course in our institution has undergone changes and adaptations. This paper aims to report the activities developed in our college for the teaching of general pathology, within the context of ERE and discuss how part of these strategies may be incorporated after the end of the pandemic. Experience report: For teaching macroscopic changes we used discussions with filmed surgical specimens while microscopic changes were developed in the so-called "Atlas Project". Discussion: Our project was very dynamic and widely accepted by students with a more proactive attitudes, especially regarding the study of microscopic cases. The strategies also lent themselves very well as a formative form of evaluation. Conclusion: Many of the strategies that have been developed by different groups of teachers during this pandemic have brought very interesting alternatives that should be incorporated into the course even when face-to-face classes are resumed. The filmed pieces include the study of macroscopy during this period of restrictions and can be incorporated into the classroom routine, interspersed with the techniques used previously. The Atlas Project was a positive experience, highlighting the role of the student as the protagonist of his teaching/learning process and work in small groups as main points.

2.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057212

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of a child with primary immunodeficiency who at eight years developed digestive symptoms, culminating with the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor at ten years of age. Case description: One-year-old boy began to present recurrent pneumonias in different pulmonary lobes. At four years of age, an immunological investigation showed a decrease in IgG and IgA serum levels. After the exclusion of other causes of hypogammaglobinemia, he was diagnosed with a Common Variable Immunodeficiency and started to receive monthly replacement of human immunoglobulin. The patient evolved well, but at 8 years of age began with epigastrium pain and, at 10 years, chronic persistent diarrhea and weight loss. After investigation, a neuroendocrine tumor was diagnosed, which had a rapid progressive evolution to death. Comments: Medical literature has highlighted the presence of gastric tumors in adults with Common Variable Immunodeficiency, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and the investigation of digestive neoplasms. Up to now there is no description of neuroendocrine tumor in pediatric patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency. We believe that the hypothesis of digestive neoplasm is important in children with Common Variable Immunodeficiency and with clinical manifestations similar to the case described here in the attempt to improve the prognosis for pediatric patients.


RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de criança portadora de imunodeficiência primária que, aos oito anos, desenvolveu sintomas digestivos, culminando com o diagnóstico de tumor neuroendócrino aos dez anos de idade. Descrição do caso: Menino, com um ano de idade, começou a apresentar pneumonias de repetição em diferentes lobos pulmonares. Aos quatro anos, a investigação imunológica mostrou diminuição dos níveis séricos de IgG e IgA. Após exclusão de outras causas de hipogamaglobulinemia, teve diagnóstico de imunodeficiência comum variável, passando a receber reposição mensal de imunoglobulina humana. Evoluiu bem, porém, aos oito anos, começou com epigastralgia e, aos dez anos, diarreia crônica persistente e perda de peso. O quadro culminou com o diagnóstico de tumor neuroendócrino intestinal, de rápida progressão, com óbito do paciente. Comentários: A literatura tem chamado a atenção para tumores gástricos em adultos com imunodeficiência comum variável, alertando para a importância do diagnóstico precoce e da pesquisa de neoplasias digestivas. Até o momento, não há descrição de tumor neuroendócrino em pacientes pediátricos portadores de imunodeficiência comum variável. Acredita-se ser importante a hipótese de neoplasia digestiva diante de crianças com imunodeficiência comum variável e com manifestações clínicas semelhantes ao caso descrito, na tentativa de melhorar o prognóstico para pacientes pediátricos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Common Variable Immunodeficiency/complications , Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis , Pneumonia/etiology , Recurrence , Weight Loss , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Common Variable Immunodeficiency/immunology , Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology , Neuroendocrine Tumors/therapy , Fatal Outcome , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Diarrhea/etiology , Intestinal Neoplasms/surgery , Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Intestinal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Autops. Case Rep ; 8(3): e2018035, July-Sept. 2018. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-911896

ABSTRACT

Papilloma associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection types 6 and 11, is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx. The clinical features of RRP vary widely from mild to aggressive forms. RRP in children is known as juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Its outcome may be poor or even fatal due to the high rate of recurrence and eventual spread to the entire respiratory tract. Pulmonary invasion is reported to occur in 3.3% of patients with RRP, and malignant transformation in 0.5% of patients. We report the case of a 39-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of JORRP from the age of 3 years, with extensive bilateral pulmonary involvement and malignant transformation. Analysis of the papilloma and carcinomatous tissues revealed the presence of HPV type 11, which is associated with rapid and aggressive progression. We discussed the case on the basis of a literature review on pulmonary invasion, malignant transformation, and HPV 11 aggressiveness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Autopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Fatal Outcome , Human papillomavirus 11 , Papilloma/complications
4.
Clinics ; 73: e361, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974923

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Advancements in non-small cell lung cancer treatment based on targeted therapies have made the differentiation between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma increasingly important. Pathologists are challenged to make the correct diagnosis in small specimens. We studied the accuracy of an immunohistochemical panel in subclassifying non-small cell lung cancer in routine small biopsies and compared the results with the diagnosis from resected lung specimens, autopsy samples or biopsied/resected metastases. METHODS: In total, 340 lung cancer biopsies were investigated for the expression of CK5, TTF1, p63 and surfactant. RESULTS: We characterized 166 adenocarcinomas and 124 squamous cell carcinomas. Overall, 85% of cases displayed binary staining (TTF1 positive/p63 negative, and vice versa). The diagnoses of ten cases with a morphology that indicated a specific tumor subtype were changed after immunohistochemistry (IHC). A second specimen was available for 71 patients, and the first diagnosis at biopsy was confirmed in 95% of these cases. Most non-small cell lung cancer cases present a binary immunohistochemical profile in small biopsies, contributing to good diagnostic accuracy with routine markers. In a small proportion of cases, the diagnosis can be changed after IHC even when the morphological aspects indicate one specific tumor subtype. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that routine small biopsies of lung cancer without classic morphology should be subjected to a minimum immunohistochemical panel to differentiate adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Immunohistochemistry , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry , Adenocarcinoma/chemistry , Retrospective Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(10): 856-861, Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896295

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: To compare the frequency of neuroendocrine tumors in our service with that reported in the literature considering age, gender, location, degree of differentiation and increase in incidence by means of a retrospective study. Method: Search of variables from a database of neuroendocrine tumor cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathological Sciences, Hospital da Santa Casa de São Paulo over the past 10 years, relating them to epidemiological data such as gender, age, distribution across organs, most-used immunohistochemical markers and presence or absence of either lymph node or distant metastases. Results: In all, 250 cases were reviewed, 133 involving females, predominantly in the 61-70 age range. The lung was the most frequent site, followed by the stomach. CD56, synaptophysin and chromogranin were the immunohistochemical markers used most often and to a lesser extent Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation that indicates a higher or lower degree of histological malignancy. Metastases, either in lymph nodes and/or distant sites, were found in 44 cases (17.6%). Conclusion: The results were largely consistent with those in the literature, including age group, gender and location. Most metastases originated from high-grade tumors, with high Ki67 levels and greater impairment of the liver. However, only 36.4% of the cases had Ki67 index. Reevaluation of the Ki67 proliferative index using image analysis in doubtful cases will allow for a correlation between progression and prognosis.


Resumo Objetivo: Comparar a frequência de tumores neuroendócrinos em nosso serviço com a literatura em relação idade, sexo, localização, grau de diferenciação e aumento da incidência por meio de um estudo retrospectivo. Método: Levantamento em banco de dados de casos de tumores neuroendócrinos diagnosticados no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital da Santa Casa de São Paulo nos últimos 10 anos, relacionando com os dados epidemiológicos, como sexo, idade, distribuição pelos diversos órgãos, marcadores imuno-histoquímicos mais utilizados e presença ou não de metástase em linfonodos ou a distância. Resultados: Foram revistos 250 casos, 133 femininos, com faixa etária predominante entre 61 e 70 anos. O pulmão foi o local com maior frequência, seguido do estômago. Os marcadores imuno-histoquímicos mais utilizados foram CD56, sinaptofisina e cromogranina, às vezes complementados pelo Ki67, que permite avaliar o grau de proliferação celular, indicativo de maior ou menor grau de malignidade histológica. Metástases em linfonodos e/ou a distância foram constatadas em 44 casos (17,6%). Conclusão: Os resultados foram em grande parte concordantes com os dados da literatura, como idade, sexo e localização. A maioria das metástases se originou de neoplasias de alto grau, com alto índice do Ki67, com maior comprometimento do fígado. No entanto, o índice proliferativo do Ki67 foi feito em apenas 36,4% dos casos. A reavaliação dos índices proliferativos do Ki67 por meio de análise de imagem, de casos duvidosos, permitirão relacionar com a evolução e o prognóstico dos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Neuroendocrine Tumors/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Immunohistochemistry , Retrospective Studies , Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology , Neuroendocrine Tumors/secondary , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Neoplasm Grading , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis
6.
Radiol. bras ; 47(5): 317-319, Sep-Oct/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-726333

ABSTRACT

Traqueobronquite aguda é uma forma rara da aspergilose invasiva e geralmente ocorre em pacientes com imunodepressão grave. Relatamos o caso de um paciente no pós-transplante de medula óssea com a manifestação desta doença, dando ênfase aos achados tomográficos encontrados.


Acute tracheobronchitis is a rare manifestation of invasive aspergillosis, generally occurring in severely immunocompromised patients. The authors report the case of a patient presenting with this condition after bone-marrow transplantation, with emphasis on tomographic findings.

8.
São Paulo med. j ; 130(2): 126-129, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-625341

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are most commonly found in the stomach, lungs, orbital soft tissue, salivary glands and thyroid. Involvement of the trachea is extremely rare. CASE REPORT: This report describes a rare case of MALT lymphoma of the trachea in a 71-year-old woman who presented with a one-year history of coughing, dyspnea, hoarseness and weight loss. There was an infiltrative lesion in the mid-trachea. The anatomopathological diagnosis was only made from the fifth endoscopic biopsy attempt. Immunochemotherapy consisting of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (R-COP) induced complete remission of the symptoms and endoscopic lesion. CONCLUSIONS: MALT lymphoma of the trachea is extremely rare and indolent disease. It has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of airway lesions. It is crucial to obtain an anatomopathological diagnosis from a specialized pathologist. Immunochemotherapy with R-COP induced complete remission of the disease.


CONTEXTO: Linfomas de tecido linfoide associado à mucosa (TLAM) são mais comumente encontrados no estômago, pulmões, órbita, glandulas salivares e tireoide. O envolvimento da traqueia é extremamente raro. RELATO DE CASO: Relato de caso raro de linfoma TLAM de traqueia, em mulher de 71 anos com tosse, dispneia, rouquidão e emagrecimento há um ano. Detectou-se lesão infiltrativa na porção média da traquéia. O diagnóstico anatomopatológico só foi obtido na biópsia do quinto procedimento endoscópico. A imunoquimioterapia R-COP (rituximabe, ciclofosfamida, vincristina e prednisona) induziu remissão completa dos sintomas e da lesão endoscópica. CONCLUSÕES: Linfoma TLAM de traqueia é uma doença indolente e extremamente rara, que deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões de vias aéreas. O diagnóstico anatomopatológico por um patologista experimentado é fundamental. Imunoquimioterapia com R-COP levou à remissão completa da doença.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology , Tracheal Neoplasms/pathology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Diagnosis, Differential , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/drug therapy , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Remission Induction , Tracheal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Vincristine/administration & dosage
10.
J. bras. pneumol ; 34(2): 118-120, fev. 2008. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-477643

ABSTRACT

A síndrome de ativação macrofágica é uma doença rara e potencialmente fatal. Ela ocorre devido a uma alteração no sistema imunológico, com excessiva proliferação de macrófagos, geralmente causando hepatoesplenomegalia, pancitopenia e disfunção hepática. Neste artigo, relatamos uma raríssima apresentação da síndrome de ativação macrofágica como insuficiência respiratória, bem como a primeira descrição de nódulo escavado, vidro fosco e consolidação na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução de pulmão (simulando uma pneumonia ou hemorragia alveolar) e o sucesso terapêutico com o uso de imunoglobulina humana. Assim, sugerimos que a síndrome de ativação macrofágica seja colocada no diagnóstico diferencial de causas de insuficiência respiratória e que o rápido diagnóstico e tratamento seja imperativo para a boa evolução do paciente.


Macrophage activation syndrome is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. It occurs due to immune dysregulation manifested as excessive macrophage proliferation, typically causing hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and hepatic dysfunction. Here, we report an unusual case of macrophage activation syndrome presenting as dyspnea, as well as (reported here for the first time) high resolution computed tomography findings of an excavated nodule, diffuse ground glass opacities and consolidations (mimicking severe pneumonia or alveolar hemorrhage). The patient was successfully treated with human immunoglobulin. We recommend that macrophage activation syndrome be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory failure. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential to achieving favorable outcomes in patients with this syndrome.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/diagnosis , Macrophage Activation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Lymphocytes/pathology , Syndrome
11.
J. bras. pneumol ; 33(4): 487-491, jul.-ago. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-466358

ABSTRACT

Primary pulmonary lymphoma is rare. The most common histological type is the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This type of lymphoma has an indolent course and excellent response to therapy. One-third of all cases are diagnosed incidentally. However, due to the rarity of this disease, little is known about its natural history in terms of dissemination and evolution. Herein, we report the unusual case of a 61-year-old man who refused treatment after being diagnosed with bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and died 2 years later from massive lung infiltration without dissemination to other organs.


Linfomas primários do pulmão são raros. O tipo histológico mais freqüente é o linfoma do tecido linfóide associado ao brônquio. Este tipo de linfoma tem curso indolente e excelente resposta à terapia. Um terço dos casos é descoberto incidentalmente. Devido à raridade desta doença, no entanto, pouco se conhece sobre sua história natural em termos de disseminação e evolução. Neste relato, descrevemos o caso incomum de um homem de 61 anos que recusou o tratamento após diagnóstico de linfoma do tecido linfóide associado ao brônquio e, 2 anos após o diagnóstico, morreu por infiltração pulmonar maciça sem disseminação para outros órgãos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bronchi/pathology , Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphoid Tissue/pathology , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology , Autopsy , Fatal Outcome , Treatment Refusal
12.
J. bras. pneumol ; 33(3): 355-357, maio-jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-462002

ABSTRACT

Os tumores do mediastino anterior incluem várias entidades com diferentes manifestações radiológicas e clínicas, consistindo em um grupo heterogêneo de condições congênitas, inflamatórias ou neoplásicas. Entre essas lesões, o tumor primário mais comum do mediastino é o timoma, seguido de perto por tumores de células germinativas e linfomas. A tuberculose do timo é extremamente rara, embora o envolvimento dos linfonodos mediastinais por essa entidade seja comum. Apresentamos aqui achados patológicos, radiológicos e clínicos de um caso de tuberculose tímica em um paciente de 18 anos de idade, que apresentou dor torácica, dispnéia a pequenos esforços e piora contínua dos sintomas em uma semana. A radiografia torácica mostrou uma grande massa no mediastino e a tomografia computadorizada mostrou que a localização era anterior. O paciente foi operado, sendo feita a exérese da massa, com aspecto microscópico de uma reação inflamatória maciça e presença de granulomas no tecido tímico. A pesquisa de bacilos álcool ácido resistentes pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen foi positiva e o diagnóstico de tuberculose foi fechado. Portanto, o cirurgião e o patologista devem estar alertas quanto à essa entidade, bem como incluí-la na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais de massas mediastinais.


Tumors of the anterior mediastinum include several entities with different radiological and clinical manifestations, constituting a heterogeneous group of congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions. Among these lesions, the most common primary tumor of the mediastinum is thymoma, nearly followed by germ cell tumors and lymphomas. Tuberculosis of the thymus, an extremely rare condition, typically involves Qthe mediastinal lymph nodes. We present, in this study, pathological, radiological, and clinical findings of one case of tuberculosis of the thymus in an 18-year-old patient who presented thoracic pain, dyspnea upon minimal effort, and progressive worsening of the symptoms in one week. The chest X-ray showed a large mass in the mediastinum, and computed tomography scans indicated that it was located anteriorly. The patient was submitted to surgery in order to excise the mass. Microscopy revealed a massive inflammatory response and granulomas in the thymic tissue. Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli yielded positive results, and a diagnosis of tuberculosis was made. Surgeons and pathologists should remain alert for this condition and should include it in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Lymphatic Diseases , Mediastinitis , Thymus Gland , Tuberculosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Lymphatic Diseases/pathology , Lymphatic Diseases , Mediastinitis/pathology , Mediastinitis , Thymus Gland/pathology , Thymus Gland , Tuberculosis/pathology , Tuberculosis
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL